cuckoocache.h

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// Copyright (c) 2016 Jeremy Rubin
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
#ifndef BITCOIN_CUCKOOCACHE_H
#define BITCOIN_CUCKOOCACHE_H
 
#include <util/fastrange.h>
 
#include <algorithm> // std::find
#include <array>
#include <atomic>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <limits>
#include <memory>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
 
namespace CuckooCache {
class bit_packed_atomic_flags {
    std::unique_ptr<std::atomic<uint8_t>[]> mem;
 
public:
    bit_packed_atomic_flags() = delete;
 
    explicit bit_packed_atomic_flags(uint32_t size) {
        // pad out the size if needed
        size = (size + 7) / 8;
        mem.reset(new std::atomic<uint8_t>[size]);
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            mem[i].store(0xFF);
        }
    };
 
    inline void setup(uint32_t b) {
        bit_packed_atomic_flags d(b);
        std::swap(mem, d.mem);
    }
 
    inline void bit_set(uint32_t s) {
        mem[s >> 3].fetch_or(uint8_t(1 << (s & 7)), std::memory_order_relaxed);
    }
 
    inline void bit_unset(uint32_t s) {
        mem[s >> 3].fetch_and(uint8_t(~(1 << (s & 7))),
                              std::memory_order_relaxed);
    }
 
    inline bool bit_is_set(uint32_t s) const {
        return (1 << (s & 7)) & mem[s >> 3].load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
    }
};
 
template <typename Element, typename Hash> class cache {
private:
    std::vector<Element> table;
 
    uint32_t size;
 
    mutable bit_packed_atomic_flags collection_flags;
 
    mutable std::vector<bool> epoch_flags;
 
    uint32_t epoch_heuristic_counter;
 
    uint32_t epoch_size;
 
    uint8_t depth_limit;
 
    const Hash hash_function;
 
    using Key = typename Element::KeyType;
 
    inline std::array<uint32_t, 8> compute_hashes(const Key &k) const {
        return {{FastRange32(hash_function.template operator()<0>(k), size),
                 FastRange32(hash_function.template operator()<1>(k), size),
                 FastRange32(hash_function.template operator()<2>(k), size),
                 FastRange32(hash_function.template operator()<3>(k), size),
                 FastRange32(hash_function.template operator()<4>(k), size),
                 FastRange32(hash_function.template operator()<5>(k), size),
                 FastRange32(hash_function.template operator()<6>(k), size),
                 FastRange32(hash_function.template operator()<7>(k), size)}};
    }
 
    constexpr uint32_t invalid() const { return ~uint32_t(0); }
 
    inline void allow_erase(uint32_t n) const { collection_flags.bit_set(n); }
 
    inline void please_keep(uint32_t n) const { collection_flags.bit_unset(n); }
 
    void epoch_check() {
        if (epoch_heuristic_counter != 0) {
            --epoch_heuristic_counter;
            return;
        }
        // count the number of elements from the latest epoch which have not
        // been erased.
        uint32_t epoch_unused_count = 0;
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            epoch_unused_count +=
                epoch_flags[i] && !collection_flags.bit_is_set(i);
        }
        // If there are more non-deleted entries in the current epoch than the
        // epoch size, then allow_erase on all elements in the old epoch (marked
        // false) and move all elements in the current epoch to the old epoch
        // but do not call allow_erase on their indices.
        if (epoch_unused_count >= epoch_size) {
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
                if (epoch_flags[i]) {
                    epoch_flags[i] = false;
                } else {
                    allow_erase(i);
                }
            }
            epoch_heuristic_counter = epoch_size;
        } else {
            // reset the epoch_heuristic_counter to next do a scan when worst
            // case behavior (no intermittent erases) would exceed epoch size,
            // with a reasonable minimum scan size. Ordinarily, we would have to
            // sanity check std::min(epoch_size, epoch_unused_count), but we
            // already know that `epoch_unused_count < epoch_size` in this
            // branch
            epoch_heuristic_counter = std::max(
                1u, std::max(epoch_size / 16, epoch_size - epoch_unused_count));
        }
    }
 
public:
    cache()
        : table(), size(), collection_flags(0), epoch_flags(),
          epoch_heuristic_counter(), epoch_size(), depth_limit(0),
          hash_function() {}
 
    uint32_t setup(uint32_t new_size) {
        // depth_limit must be at least one otherwise errors can occur.
        size = std::max<uint32_t>(2, new_size);
        depth_limit = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::log2(static_cast<float>(size)));
        table.resize(size);
        collection_flags.setup(size);
        epoch_flags.resize(size);
        // Set to 45% as described above
        epoch_size = std::max((uint32_t)1, (45 * size) / 100);
        // Initially set to wait for a whole epoch
        epoch_heuristic_counter = epoch_size;
        return size;
    }
 
    std::pair<uint32_t, size_t> setup_bytes(size_t bytes) {
        uint32_t requested_num_elems(std::min<size_t>(
            bytes / sizeof(Element), std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()));
 
        auto num_elems = setup(requested_num_elems);
 
        size_t approx_size_bytes = num_elems * sizeof(Element);
        return std::make_pair(num_elems, approx_size_bytes);
    }
 
    inline void insert(Element e, bool replace = false) {
        epoch_check();
        uint32_t last_loc = invalid();
        bool last_epoch = true;
        std::array<uint32_t, 8> locs = compute_hashes(e.getKey());
        // Make sure we have not already inserted this element.
        // If we have, make sure that it does not get deleted.
        for (const uint32_t loc : locs) {
            if (table[loc].getKey() == e.getKey()) {
                if (replace) {
                    table[loc] = std::move(e);
                }
                please_keep(loc);
                epoch_flags[loc] = last_epoch;
                return;
            }
        }
        for (uint8_t depth = 0; depth < depth_limit; ++depth) {
            // First try to insert to an empty slot, if one exists
            for (const uint32_t loc : locs) {
                if (!collection_flags.bit_is_set(loc)) {
                    continue;
                }
                table[loc] = std::move(e);
                please_keep(loc);
                epoch_flags[loc] = last_epoch;
                return;
            }
            last_loc =
                locs[(1 + (std::find(locs.begin(), locs.end(), last_loc) -
                           locs.begin())) &
                     7];
            std::swap(table[last_loc], e);
            // Can't std::swap a std::vector<bool>::reference and a bool&.
            bool epoch = last_epoch;
            last_epoch = epoch_flags[last_loc];
            epoch_flags[last_loc] = epoch;
 
            // Recompute the locs -- unfortunately happens one too many times!
            locs = compute_hashes(e.getKey());
        }
    }
 
    bool contains(const Key &k, const bool erase) const {
        return find(k, erase) != nullptr;
    }
 
    bool get(Element &e, const bool erase) const {
        if (const Element *eptr = find(e.getKey(), erase)) {
            e = *eptr;
            return true;
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
private:
    const Element *find(const Key &k, const bool erase) const {
        std::array<uint32_t, 8> locs = compute_hashes(k);
        for (const uint32_t loc : locs) {
            if (table[loc].getKey() == k) {
                if (erase) {
                    allow_erase(loc);
                }
                return &table[loc];
            }
        }
        return nullptr;
    }
};
 
template <typename T> struct KeyOnly : public T {
    // For contains.
    using KeyType = T;
 
    // Ensure implicit conversion from T.
    KeyOnly() = default;
    KeyOnly(const T &x) : T(x) {}
 
    // Implement required features.
    const T &getKey() const { return *this; }
};
 
} // namespace CuckooCache
 
#endif // BITCOIN_CUCKOOCACHE_H