Productivity Notes

Table of Contents

General

Cache compilations with ccache

The easiest way to faster compile times is to cache compiles. ccache is a way to do so, from its description at the time of writing:

ccache is a compiler cache. It speeds up recompilation by caching the result of previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again. Supported languages are C, C++, Objective-C and Objective-C++.

Install ccache through your distribution’s package manager, and run cmake with your normal flags to pick it up.

To use ccache for all your C/C++ projects, follow the symlinks method here to set it up.

Disable features with cmake

You can disable features to save on compilation time. A few common flags:

-DENABLE_UPNP=OFF
-DENABLE_NATPMP=OFF
-DBUILD_BITCOIN_WALLET=OFF
-DBUILD_BITCOIN_QT=OFF

See Options passed to cmake

Multiple working directories with git worktrees

If you work with multiple branches or multiple copies of the repository, you should try git worktrees.

To create a new branch that lives under a new working directory without disrupting your current working directory (useful for creating pull requests):

git worktree add -b my-shiny-new-branch ../living-at-my-new-working-directory based-on-my-crufty-old-commit-ish

To simply check out a commit-ish under a new working directory without disrupting your current working directory (useful for reviewing pull requests):

git worktree add --checkout ../where-my-checkout-commit-ish-will-live my-checkout-commit-ish

This synergizes well with ccache as objects resulting from unchanged code will most likely hit the cache and won’t need to be recompiled.

You can also set up upstream refspecs to refer to pull requests easier in the above git worktree commands.

Bash completion for locally built binaries

Bash completion does not work out of the box for locally built binaries, but you can make it work for your environment for any binary that has a .bash-completion file in /contrib. In this example, binaries are built out-of-tree and we setup bash completion for bitcoin-cli and bitcoind. The completion function names can be determined by inspecting the .bash-completion file for each binary.

source ./contrib/bitcoind.bash-completion
complete -F _bitcoind ./bitcoind
source ./contrib/bitcoin-cli.bash-completion
complete -F _bitcoin_cli ./bitcoin-cli

Rebasing/Merging code

More conflict context with merge.conflictstyle diff3

For resolving merge/rebase conflicts, it can be useful to enable diff3 style using git config merge.conflictstyle diff3. Instead of

<<<
yours
===
theirs
>>>

you will see

<<<
yours
|||
original
===
theirs
>>>

This may make it much clearer what caused the conflict. In this style, you can often just look at what changed between original and theirs, and mechanically apply that to yours (or the other way around).

Reviewing code

Reduce mental load with git diff options

When reviewing patches which change indentation in C++ files, use git diff -w and git show -w. This makes the diff algorithm ignore whitespace changes. This feature is also available on github.com, by adding ?w=1 at the end of any URL which shows a diff.

When reviewing patches that change symbol names in many places, use git diff --word-diff. This will instead of showing the patch as deleted/added lines, show deleted/added words.

When reviewing patches that move code around, try using git diff --patience commit~:old/file.cpp commit:new/file/name.cpp, and ignoring everything except the moved body of code which should show up as neither + or - lines. In case it was not a pure move, this may even work when combined with the -w or --word-diff options described above. --color-moved=dimmed-zebra will also dim the coloring of moved hunks in the diff on compatible terminals.

Reference PRs easily with refspecs

When looking at other’s pull requests, it may make sense to add the following section to your .git/config file:

[remote "upstream-pull"]
        fetch = +refs/pull/*:refs/remotes/upstream-pull/*
        url = [email protected]:bitcoin/bitcoin.git

This will add an upstream-pull remote to your git repository, which can be fetched using git fetch --all or git fetch upstream-pull. Afterwards, you can use upstream-pull/NUMBER/head in arguments to git show, git checkout and anywhere a commit id would be acceptable to see the changes from pull request NUMBER.

Diff the diffs with git range-diff

It is very common for contributors to rebase their pull requests, or make changes to commits (perhaps in response to review) that are not at the head of their branch. This poses a problem for reviewers as when the contributor force pushes, the reviewer is no longer sure that his previous reviews of commits are still valid (as the commit hashes can now be different even though the diff is semantically the same). git range-diff can help solve this problem by diffing the diffs.

For example, to identify the differences between your previously reviewed diffs P1-5, and the new diffs P1-2,N3-4 as illustrated below:

       P1--P2--P3--P4--P5   <-- previously-reviewed-head
      /
...--m   <-- master
      \
       P1--P2--N3--N4--N5   <-- new-head (with P3 slightly modified)

You can do:

git range-diff master previously-reviewed-head new-head

Note that git range-diff also work for rebases.


git range-diff also accepts normal git diff options, see Reduce mental load with git diff options for useful git diff options.

You can also set up upstream refspecs to refer to pull requests easier in the above git range-diff commands.